·By Sergio Menendez Fernandez, student at ETSICCP, Madrid.

            Reducing carbon emissions is crucial today. Construction significantly contributes to these polluting gases, accounting for 8% of the world’s total, making it essential to decrease the carbon footprint of concrete, a material used in almost all infrastructure. This text addresses how Spain is increasing the use of low-carbon concrete, marking significant progress for construction in the country and helping to achieve sustainability goals.   

            Several reasons drive the increased use of this type of concrete in Spain. First, stricter environmental laws and policies play a fundamental role. The European Union has established clear emission reduction targets, encouraging its member countries to take concrete actions. Spain aims to be carbon neutral by 2050 and has developed the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) 2021-2030 to advance towards a cleaner economy. Furthermore, the Technical Building Code reinforces efficiency and sustainability in construction. The EU Construction Products Regulation also highlights the importance of sustainability. Spain has adapted models to assess the sustainability of concrete, showing a growing concern for environmental impact.   

            Secondly, Spain’s ambitious decarbonization goals are a key driver. With targets such as achieving climate neutrality by 2050, attaining a 100% renewable electricity system, and following the Long-Term Decarbonization Strategy, the country is creating favourable conditions for sustainable construction practices.   

            Thirdly, there is a growing demand for environmentally friendly constructions. Awareness of climate change and the search for sustainable materials are driving this trend. Certifications like LEED, BREEAM, and VERDE promote the creation of more sustainable buildings. In addition, the circular economy is gaining ground in construction, promoting the efficient use of resources and waste reduction.   

            The use of low-emission concrete in Spain includes innovative solutions. A key approach is to use materials that replace part of traditional cement, such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, which not only reduce emissions but also improve the quality of concrete. Microsilica, for example, provides greater strength and durability to concrete. LC3 cement, made with calcined clay and limestone, is another promising option for reducing CO2 emissions. The use of Valencian clay to produce LC3 is being studied, and European standards have recognized this alternative. Other innovations include the development of cementless geopolymer concrete, technologies for carbon capture and storage in the cement industry, the application of recycled aggregates in concrete production, and innovative cements such as those from Hoffmann Green.   

            In Spain, various companies and projects are leading this change. Cemex Spain has launched the Vertua range of concretes and is exploring ways to reduce its carbon footprint. Holcim Spain is also promoting sustainability with its ECOPact range and CO2 capture projects. Cementos Portland Valderrivas demonstrates its commitment to sustainability through various initiatives. Other companies like Heidelberg Materials also contribute to this transformation.   

            Real estate developers in Spain are moving towards more ecological practices. For example, Metrovacesa collaborates with Cemex to use Vertua concrete in its projects, while AEDAS Homes has signed an agreement with Holcim to build homes with concrete that has a lower environmental impact.   

            There are several innovative initiatives setting the standard. An example is the El Corte Inglés office building at Castellana 69, which uses ECOPact concrete. There are also sustainable developments like Madrid Nuevo Norte, green construction concepts such as the Campus for Living Cities in Madrid, and renovation projects like Infinito Delicias.   

            Despite these advances, the widespread adoption of low-carbon concrete in Spain faces certain difficulties. Initially, it can be more expensive, and new regulations and standards are needed. Furthermore, technical problems related to the performance, durability, and finish of the concrete may arise. Market acceptance and trust in these new materials are crucial, as well as ensuring an adequate supply chain for all necessary materials.   

            Even so, there are great opportunities for innovation and growth. In the long term, using this type of concrete could result in significant savings, as it is more durable and requires less maintenance. There is enormous potential to develop advanced technologies in concrete production and materials science. New business models and collaborations along the value chain may emerge. Government support and funding are essential to accelerate this transition. Moreover, the growing demand for sustainable construction materials and Spain’s capacity to lead in green technologies present great opportunities.   

            In conclusion, Spain is making significant progress in adopting low-carbon concrete. Driven by legislation, national goals, and market demands, the construction sector is applying various sustainable solutions. Despite the challenges, the opportunities for innovation, long-term cost savings, and market growth are promising. Low-carbon concrete is essential for a more sustainable and environmentally responsible construction sector in Spain. 

Bibliography

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2.Collins, Georgia. (2023, 16 de julio). Cemex’s roadmap to decarbonising the cement industry. Construction Digital. Recuperado de https://constructiondigital.com/built-environment/cemexs-roadmap-to-decarbonising-the-cement-industry

3. Holcim US. (2023, 5 de enero). Holcim US Builds on Sustainability Commitment with Amazon Web Services. PR Newswire. Recuperado de https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/holcim-us-builds-on-sustainability-commitment-with-amazon-web-services-301714202.html

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6. Cementos Portland Valderrivas. (c. 2024). Grupo y quiénes somos. Cementos Portland Valderrivas. Recuperado de https://www.valderrivas.es/grupo-y-quienes-somos/