Abstract The constitutive models used for wood and timber have been formulated in different scales. The term clear wood corresponds to the macroscopic scale, where the orthotropic elastic model is commonly used. This model, which is typically applied to local
Majano-Majano A, Fernandez-Cabo JL, Hoheisel S, Klein M. (2012) A test method for characterizing clear wood using a single specimen. Experimental Mechanics, 52:1079-1096.
