Abstract The constitutive models used for wood and timber have been formulated in different scales. The term clear wood corresponds with the macroscopic scale, where the orthotropic elastic model is commonly used. That model, typically applied to local modeling (e.g.
Majano-Majano A, Fernandez-Cabo JL, Hoheisel S, Klein M. (2011) Characterization of clear wood by a single test. 1º Ibero-Latin American Congress of Timber in Construction (CIMAD 11), Coimbra, Portugal.






