We are witnessing the revival of artificial intelligence (term first used in 1956), thanks to the combination of knowledge in biological neuroscience, computational neuroscience, and the availability of better computational resources thanks to advances in nanotechnology.

Neuromorphic computing or engineering is a rapidly developing area of research in which elements of a system are modeled after the human brain and nervous system. The term may refer to the design of both hardware and software computing elements. This research area focuses on how knowledge from neuroscience can be combined with new techniques from nanotechnologies to build physical systems that “sense” and compute by imitating the brain.